The primer sets and methods disclosed herein are useful for classifying KIR3DL1 alleles in an efficient manner, and can be easily adopted by clinics and research laboratories to enable prospective assessment of prognoses for HIV and HCT, and retrospective analyses on the role of KIR3DL1 alleles in disease processes. By designing a series of unique oligonucleotide primers and PCR reaction conditions, these group-specific SNPs can be amplified from genomic DNA. SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSUREīy aligning the coding sequences of the 71 known alleles of KIR3DL1, the inventors have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) unique to functional subgroups of KIR3DL1. While HLA-B alleles can be readily identified, a simple and cost-effective protocol for KIR3DL1 allele assessment is yet to be developed in order to translate the research findings into clinical practice. A group of KIR3DL1 alleles that encode the activating KIR3DS1 molecules accounts for an additional 12 alleles of KIR3DL1. ![]() The 59 known inhibitory alleles have previously been classified into three subgroups based on the density with which they are expressed on the surface of NK cells (Gardiner et al., Journal of Immunology 166:2992-3001 (2001) Pando et al., Journal of Immunology 171:6640-6649 (2003) Yawata et al., J Exp Med 203). Functional groups of KIR3DL1 predict for high- and low-inhibitory interactions with HLA-Bw4 and correlate with clinical outcomes in HIV and leukemia patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) (Martin et al., Nature Genetics 39:733-740 (2007) Giglio et al. BACKGROUND ARTĮpistatic interactions between subtypes of KIR3DL1 and its ligand, HLA-B, predict for differential outcomes in patients with HIV (Martin et al., Nature Genetics 39:733-740 (2007)) and undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) (Giglio et al. This disclosure generally relates to kits and methods for classifying KIR3DL1 alleles. ![]() The Government has certain rights in this invention. AI069197, HL088134, awarded by the National Institutes of Health. This invention was made with Government Support under Contract Nos. STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
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